spring|spring event高性能|Spring内置事件驱动编程模型

从同步阻塞到异步非阻塞

默认是同步且阻塞，发布线程会串行依次执行所有监听器。任何一个监听器的耗时操作都会阻塞主流程，可能导致严重的性能问题

源码

https://gitee.com/jysemel-spring/spring-boot/tree/master/action/action-event-async

开启异步

启用异步支持

配置类上添加@EnableAsync注解

标记异步监听器

@Component
public class AsyncNotificationListener {
    @Async
    @EventListener
    public void handleUserRegisteredEvent(UserRegisteredEvent event) {
        // 此逻辑将在独立线程中执行
        System.out.println("异步发送欢迎邮件给用户：" + event.getUserId());
    }
}

异步样例

启动类

package com.jysemel.spring.boot;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;

@EnableAsync
@SpringBootApplication
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
    }
}

两种不同的监听方式（通过注释来分别调试异步和同步）

package com.jysemel.spring.boot.study.listener;


import com.jysemel.spring.boot.study.event.UserRegisteredEvent;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.context.event.EventListener;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 方式二：使用@EventListener注解（更推荐）
 */
@Slf4j
@Component
public class CouponListener {


    @Async
    @EventListener
    public void handleUserRegisteredEvent(UserRegisteredEvent event) throws InterruptedException {
        log.info("方式二：使用@EventListener注解 @Async异步监听处理 ");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(5));
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        log.info("赠送新人优惠券给用户：{} ", event.getNickName());
    }
}

package com.jysemel.spring.boot.study.listener;

import com.jysemel.spring.boot.study.event.UserRegisteredEvent;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;


/**
 * 方式一：实现ApplicationListener接口
 */
@Slf4j
@Component
public class WelcomeEmailListener implements ApplicationListener<UserRegisteredEvent> {


    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(UserRegisteredEvent event) {
        log.info("方式一：普通监听 ");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(5));
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        log.info("发送欢迎邮件给用户： {}" ,event.getNickName());
    }
}

验证地址

http://127.0.0.1:8083/api/user/reg?userName=113.9526&nickName=22.5431

验证结果

异步方式，线程id不一样

2026-07-14 11:49:13.600 [http-nio-8083-exec-1] [] INFO  com.jysemel.spring.boot.study.controller.UserRegController - 用户注册：113.9526
2026-07-14 11:49:13.600 [http-nio-8083-exec-1] [] INFO  com.jysemel.spring.boot.study.service.StoreService - 用户 22.5431   注册成功
2026-07-14 11:49:13.602 [task-2] [] INFO  com.jysemel.spring.boot.study.listener.CouponListener - 方式二：使用@EventListener注解 @Async异步监听处理 
2026-07-14 11:49:14.402 [http-nio-8083-exec-2] [] INFO  com.jysemel.spring.boot.study.controller.UserRegController - 用户注册：113.9526
2026-07-14 11:49:14.402 [http-nio-8083-exec-2] [] INFO  com.jysemel.spring.boot.study.service.StoreService - 用户 22.5431   注册成功
2026-07-14 11:49:14.403 [task-3] [] INFO  com.jysemel.spring.boot.study.listener.CouponListener - 方式二：使用@EventListener注解 @Async异步监听处理

同步方式，线程id一样，上面接口明显阻塞

2026-07-14 11:52:39.886 [http-nio-8083-exec-1] [] INFO  org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] - Initializing Spring DispatcherServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2026-07-14 11:52:39.886 [http-nio-8083-exec-1] [] INFO  org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - Initializing Servlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2026-07-14 11:52:39.889 [http-nio-8083-exec-1] [] INFO  org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - Completed initialization in 3 ms
2026-07-14 11:52:39.928 [http-nio-8083-exec-1] [] INFO  com.jysemel.spring.boot.study.controller.UserRegController - 用户注册：113.9526
2026-07-14 11:52:39.930 [http-nio-8083-exec-1] [] INFO  com.jysemel.spring.boot.study.service.StoreService - 用户 22.5431   注册成功
2026-07-14 11:52:39.931 [http-nio-8083-exec-1] [] INFO  com.jysemel.spring.boot.study.listener.WelcomeEmailListener - 方式一：普通监听

当前方式存在的问题

队列无限大
无线程复用

自定义异步线程池

package com.jysemel.spring.boot.study.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;

import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;

@Configuration
public class AsyncConfig {

    @Bean(name = "eventExecutor")
    public Executor eventExecutor() {
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        executor.setCorePoolSize(5);                // 核心线程数
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(20);                // 最大线程数（必须小于操作系统限制）
        executor.setQueueCapacity(200);             // 有界队列，防止OOM
        executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(60);
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("event-async-");
        // 关键：当队列和最大线程都满了，由调用者线程执行（防止任务丢失，并提供背压机制）
        executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
        executor.initialize();
        return executor;
    }
}

优化调整，显示指定线程池

package com.jysemel.spring.boot.study.listener;


import com.jysemel.spring.boot.study.event.UserRegisteredEvent;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.context.event.EventListener;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 方式二：使用@EventListener注解（更推荐）
 */
@Slf4j
@Component
public class CouponListener {


    @Async("eventExecutor")
    @EventListener
    public void handleUserRegisteredEvent(UserRegisteredEvent event) throws InterruptedException {
        log.info("方式二：使用@EventListener注解 @Async异步监听处理 ");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(10));
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        log.info("赠送新人优惠券给用户：{} ", event.getNickName());
    }
}